Tumor pseudopapilar sólido de páncreas, una neoplasia inusual / Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of the Pancreas, an Unusual Neoplasm

Presentación del caso. Se trata de una mujer de 26 años que presentó dolor en epigastrio e hipocondrio izquierdo, con aumento del perímetro abdominal y pérdida de 5 kg de peso corporal. En el examen físico se detectó una masa de gran tamaño en el epigastrio, con bordes regulares, ligeramente dolorosa al tacto y no móvil. Los estudios de imagen revelaron una neoplasia mixta en el cuerpo y cola pancreática. Intervención terapéutica. Se practicó una esplenopancreatectomía corpo-caudal, con extirpación completa del tumor. Evolución clínica. La paciente recibió cuidados especializados y vigilancia estrecha posquirúrgica en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, sin presentar complicaciones relevantes. Tras el alta hospitalaria, la paciente refirió un buen estado general en los controles de seguimiento, que incluyeron una tomografía realizada a los 12 meses, donde no se evidenciaron restos o recidivas tumorales

Case presentation. A 26-year-old woman who presented with pain in the epigastrium and left hypochondrium, with increased abdominal perimeter and loss of 5 kg of body weight. Physical examination revealed a large mass in the epigastrium, with regular borders, slightly painful to the touch and non-mobile. Imaging studies revealed a mixed neoplasm in the pancreatic body and tail. Treatment. A corpo-caudal splenopancreatectomy was performed, with complete removal of the tumor. Outcome. The patient received specialized care and close postoperative surveillance in the intensive care unit, with no relevant complications. After hospital discharge, the patient reported a good general condition in the follow-up controls, which included a computed tomography scan performed after 12 months, where no tumor remnants or recurrences were evidenced

Littoral cell angioma of the spleen: case report and literature review

ABSTRACT Littoral cell angioma is an extremely rare splenic vascular tumor originating from the cells lining the splenic red pulp sinuses. Approximately 150 cases of littoral cell angioma have been reported since 1991. Its clinical manifestation is usually asymptomatic and is mostly diagnosed as an incidental finding through abdominal imaging. Herein, we present a case of littoral cell angioma in a 41-year-old woman with no previous comorbidities, which initially presented as a nonspecific splenic lesion diagnosed on imaging in the emergency room. The patient was treated through laparoscopic intervention.

Quiste esplénico epidérmico infectado. Reporte de caso

Los quistes esplénicos son infrecuentes y presentan una baja incidencia (0.07%). Las etiologías son varias, pero en su mayoría se deben a parasitarios y no parasitarios. Entre los primeros se encuentran los quistes hidatídicos por equinococosis que son más comunes sobre todo en zonas endémicas. En el siguiente trabajo se presenta el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino de 17 años de edad que consulta por un cuadro de 6 días de evolución que inicia con dolor, tipo puntada de moderada intensidad, localizado en hipocondrio izquierdo, acompañado de fiebre graduada en 38 grados con escalofríos.

Splenic cysts are uncommon and have a low incidence rate (0.07%). The etiologies are diverse, but mostly attributed to both parasitic and non-parasitic origins. Among the former, hydatid cysts due to echinococcosis are more prevalent, especially in endemic areas. This report describes the case of a 17-year-old female patient who presented with a 6-day history of pain, of moderate intensity and stabbing type, localized in the left hypochondrium. The pain was accompanied by a fever reaching 38 degrees Celsius and chills.

Manejo de traumatismo esplénico en el Hospital Nacional de Itauguá

Introducción: El bazo es el órgano más afectado en el traumatismo cerrado de abdomen en el adulto. El traumatismo esplénico puede ser por lesiones no penetrantes (cerrado) o por lesiones penetrantes. Las pruebas de imagen más útiles a la hora de evaluar el trauma esplénico son la ecografía de evaluación enfocada para traumatismo (FATS, por sus siglas en inglés) y la tomografía computarizada (TC). Objetivo: describir el manejo del traumatismo esplénico en el Hospital Nacional de Itauguá. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio observacional, descriptivo de serie de casos en el cual se incluyó a pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de traumatismo esplénico que fueron atendidos en la urgencia de adultos del Hospital Nacional de Itauguá entre enero de 2018 y enero de 2020. Se incluyó a la totalidad de los pacientes atendidos y no se excluyó a ninguno. Las variables que se estudiaron fueron sexo, edad, tipo de trauma, mecanismo de trauma, hemodinamia, imagenología (FATS y TC), grado de la lesión (I al V), cirugía de urgencias, cirugía realizada, tratamiento no operatorio, éxito del tratamiento, días de internación, óbito y lesiones asociadas. Resultados: Se presenta una serie de 10 casos, todos son del sexo masculino y cuya edad tiene una media de 30,7 ± 10,58 años. En todos los casos el trauma fue cerrado. El mecanismo del trauma fue accidente con motocicleta en el 80 %. En cuanto a la hemodinamia el 80 % estuvo estable, el 100 % se realizó la FACTS y el 80 % la TC. El grado más frecuente fue el grado IV con 40 %. Discusión: el manejo del trauma esplénico ha cambiado a lo largo del tiempo, actualmente se busca un manejo no quirúrgico, sin embargo, esto depende de las condiciones del paciente.

Introduction: The spleen is the most affected organ in blunt trauma to the abdomen in the adult. Splenic trauma can be due to non-penetrating (blunt) or penetrating injuries. The most useful imaging tests when evaluating splenic trauma are focused assessment sonography for trauma (FATS) and computed tomography (CT). Objective: to describe the management of splenic trauma at the Hospital Nacional de Itauguá. Methodology: this is an observational, descriptive case series study in which adult patients with a diagnosis of splenic trauma who were seen in the adult emergency department of the Hospital Nacional de Itauguá between January 2018 and January 2020 were included. All patients attended were included and none were excluded. The variables studied were sex, age, type of trauma, mechanism of trauma, hemodynamics, imaging (FATS and CT), grade of injury (I to V), emergency surgery, surgery performed, non-operative treatment, treatment success, days of hospitalization, death and associated injuries. Results: We present a series of 10 cases, all of them male, with a mean age of 30.7 ± 10.58 years. In all cases the trauma was blunt. The mechanism of trauma was motorcycle accident in 80 %. Regarding hemodynamics, 80% were stable, 100% underwent FACTS and 80% underwent CT. The most frequent grade was grade IV with 40%. Discussion: the management of splenic trauma has changed over time, currently non-surgical management is sought, however, this depends on the patient's conditions.

Hemoperitoneo secundario a lesión esplénica tras colonoscopia diagnóstica. Una complicación infrecuente

Introducción: La colonoscopia es una herramienta básica en el estudio de patologías del área colorrectal, así como uno de los pilares del screening del cáncer de colon y recto. Sin embargo, no es un procedimiento exento de riesgos, algunos de ellos con elevada morbimortalidad. Caso Clínico: Varón de 55 años con enolismo crónico y hepatopatía por Virus Hepatitis C y Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica. En estudio por diarrea se solicita una ecografía de abdomen donde, como único hallazgo, se muestra una lesión de 7 mm a nivel de páncreas y una colonoscopia con intención diagnóstica que no muestra alteraciones significativas. Con la sospecha de que la lesión pancreática pudiese ser la causa del cuadro diarreico, se realiza un escáner abdominal donde se muestra una colección subcapsular a nivel esplénico de 11 × 3 cm compatible con hematoma sin signos de sangrado activo. Dada la estabilidad hemodinámica, se inicia manejo conservador, con empeoramiento del dolor abdominal e hipotensión en las siguientes 12 h. Se repite prueba de imagen objetivando aumento de hematoma esplénico y líquido libre intraabdominal. Se indica cirugía urgente donde se evidencia hemoperitoneo secundario a lesión esplénica que obliga a realizar esplenectomía. Conclusión: La presencia de una posible lesión esplénica yatrogénica se debe tener en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial en un paciente con dolor abdominal de inicio agudo y anemización o alteración del estado hemodinámico dentro de las primeras 24-48 h tras la realización de una colonoscopia.

Introduction: Colonoscopy is a basic tool in the study of pathology of the colorectal area, as well as one of the pillars of colon and rectal cancer screening. However, it is not a risk-free procedure, some of them with high morbimortality. Case Report: 55-year-old male with chronic alcoholism and hepatopathy due to HCV, COPD. During a study for diarrhea, an ultrasound of the abdomen revealed a 7 mm pancreas tumor, and a diagnostic colonoscopy showed no significant alterations. With the suspicion that the pancreatic lesion could be the cause of the diarrhea, an abdominal scan was performed showing a subcapsular collection at the splenic level of 11 × 3 cm compatible with hematoma without signs of active bleeding. Due to the hemodynamic stability, conservative management was decided, with worsening abdominal pain and hypotension in the following 12 hours. A new imaging test showed an enlarged splenic hematoma and free abdominal fluid suggestive of hemoperitoneum. Urgent surgery found hemoperitoneum secondary to splenic lesion and splenectomy was required. Conclusion: The presence of a possible iatrogenic splenic lesion should be considered in the differential diagnosis in a patient with acute onset abdominal pain and anemia or hemodynamic status alteration within the first 24-48 hours after colonoscopy.

Rotura atraumática idiopática de bazo

Objetivo: Se presenta un caso de rotura esplénica atraumática. Caso Clínico: Mujer joven que estando ingresada y con reposo relativo por colección intraabdominal cercana a la colostomía presenta rotura de bazo. Se realiza esplenectomía urgente evidenciando gran hemoperitoneo y rotura esplénica. Discusión y conclusiones: El diagnóstico de rotura esplénica atraumática debe tenerse en cuenta en los pacientes con dolor abdominal de aparición súbita ya que un retraso en el diagnóstico puede conducir a un aumento de la tasa de mortalidad.

Objective: A case of idiopathic atraumatic splenic rupture is presented. Clinical case: A young woman was admitted to hospital with relative rest due to an intra-abdominal collection near the colostomy and presented with a ruptured spleen. An urgent splenectomy was performed, revealing large haemoperitoneum and splenic rupture. Discussion and conclusions: the diagnosis of atraumatic splenic rupture should be taken into account in patients with sudden onset abdominal pain, as a delay in diagnosis may lead to an increased mortality rate.

Principales modificaciones asociadas a la esplenectomía / Main modifications associated with splenectomy

Introducción. El bazo es un órgano linfoide implicado en el reconocimiento antigénico, la depuración de patógenos y la remoción de eritrocitos envejecidos o con inclusiones citoplasmáticas. La esplenectomía es una técnica utilizada tanto para el diagnóstico (linfomas), el tratamiento (trombocitopenia inmune, anemia hemolítica adquirida) y la curación (microesferocitosis hereditaria) de diversas enfermedades. Métodos. Describir los principales cambios hematológicos y complicaciones asociadas al procedimiento de esplenectomía. Discusión. Los cambios posteriores a la esplenectomía pueden ser inmediatos, como la aparición de cuerpos de Howell-Jolly, la trombocitosis y la presencia de leucocitosis durante las primeras dos semanas. Otras complicaciones tempranas incluyen la presencia de trombosis, en especial en pacientes con factores de riesgo secundarios (edad, sedentarismo, manejo hospitalario, obesidad) o un estado hipercoagulable (diabetes, cáncer, trombofilia primaria), siendo tanto el flujo de la vena porta como el volumen esplénico los principales factores de riesgo para su aparición. Las complicaciones tardías incluyen la alteración en la respuesta inmune, aumentando el riesgo de infecciones por bacterias encapsuladas, en conjunto con una reducción en los niveles de IgM secundario a la ausencia de linfocitos B a nivel de bazo. Debido al riesgo de infecciones, principalmente por Streptococcus pneumoniae, la esplenectomía parcial se ha considerado una opción. Conclusión. Una adecuada valoración de la indicación de esplenectomía y la identificación precoz de complicaciones posoperatorias son fundamentales para reducir la mortalidad asociada a la esplenectomía

Introduction. The spleen is a lymphoid organ involved in antigen recognition, pathogen clearance, and removal of aged erythrocytes or those with cytoplasmic inclusions. Splenectomy is a technique used for diagnosis (lymphomas), treatment (immune thrombocytopenia, acquired hemolytic anemia), and cure (hereditary microspherocytosis) of various diseases. Methods. To describe the main hematological changes and complications associated with the splenectomy procedure. Discussion. Changes after splenectomy can be considered immediate: the appearance of Howell-Jolly bodies, thrombocytosis, and leukocytosis during the first two weeks. Other complications include the presence of thrombosis, especially in patients with risk factors (age, sedentary lifestyle, long hospital stay, obesity) or a hypercoagulable state (diabetes, cancer, primary thrombophilia), with both portal vein flow and splenic volume being the main risk factors for its appearance. Late complications include altered immune response, increased risk of infections by encapsulated bacteria, and a reduction in IgM levels secondary to the absence of B lymphocytes in the spleen; due to the risk of diseases mainly by Streptococcus pneumoniae, partial splenectomy has been considered an option. Conclusion. An adequate assessment of the indication for splenectomy and the early identification of complications are essential to reduce the mortality associated with splenectomy

Procedimiento anestésico-quirúrgico en un adulto con esplenomegalia por linfoma primario de bazo / Anesthetic-surgical procedure in an adult with splenomegaly due to primary spleenic lymphoma: en

Se describe el caso clínico de un adulto joven de 30 años de edad, con antecedente de buena salud, quien fue asistido en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech en Camagüey por presentar aumento de volumen en la región abdominal de dos meses de evolución, concomitante con astenia, anorexia, vómitos y pérdida de peso. En el examen físico resultaron notables el abdomen globuloso (bazo palpable) sin dolor, un hematoma periumbilical y múltiples adenopatías supraclaviculares; en tanto, en los estudios imagenológicos se evidenció la presencia de esplenomegalia. Se realizó esplenectomía con administración de anestesia general endotraqueal y en el estudio histopatológico de la muestra resecada se confirmó el diagnóstico de linfoma primario del bazo.

The case report of a 30-year-old young adult with a history of good health is described, who was assisted at the Surgery Service of Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital in Camagüey due to volume increase in the abdominal region with a course of two months, concomitant with asthenia, anorexia, vomits and weight loss. Physical examination revealed a globular abdomen (palpable spleen) with no pain, a periumbilical hematoma, and multiple supraclavicular adenopathies; meanwhile, in the imaging studies splenomegaly was evidenced. Splenectomy was performed with administration of general endotracheal anesthesia and the histopathological study of the resected sample confirmed the diagnosis of primary spleenic lymphoma.

Hemodynamic characteristics of proper hepatic artery and portal vein in patients after splenectomy and devascularization / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristics of hemodynamics of proper hepatic artery and portal vein after splenectomy and devascularization. Methods The clinical data of 103 patients with portal hypertension who underwent splenectomy and devascularization in the Capital Medical University-Affiliated You'an Hospital from April 2014 to February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Their hemodynamics of the proper hepatic artery and portal vein were recorded before and 1 week-, and 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-months after surgery and then statistically analyzed. Continuous data with normal distribution were compared using paired-samples t test. Results Compared with the before surgery data, the portal vein diameter, portal vein flow, maximum velocity, and average velocity of the portal vein were all significantly decreased 1-week-, 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-months after splenectomy and devascularization (all P < 0.05). The blood flow and velocity of the proper hepatic artery was significantly increased 1 week and 1 month after surgery (all P < 0.05); however, there was no statistically significant difference at 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-months after surgery. Conclusion The diameter, flow, and flow velocity of the portal vein after splenectomy and devascularization were significantly lower than those before surgery, whereas the proper hepatic artery flow and flow velocity were increased within 1 month after surgery and then returned back to the pre-surgery levels 3 months after surgery.

Giant splenic artery aneurysm: case report / Aneurisma gigante da artéria esplênica: relato de caso

Abstract True splenic artery aneurysms are exceedingly rare and the medical literature contains only a limited number of reports on this pathology. Presently, there remains a lack of consensus regarding the optimal management and treatment approaches for patients in this category. Over the course of the last century, significant changes have occurred in the realm of surgical options, transitioning from open and endovascular procedures to the more advanced laparoscopic and robotic interventions. The propensity for these aneurysms to rupture underscores the need for timely intervention. The risk of rupture is notably elevated in patients harboring giant splenic artery aneurysms. In this report, we present the case of a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with a giant splenic artery aneurysm measuring 12x12 cm in diameter. She presented with notable weakness, discomfort, and pain in the left subcostal area. In response to her complaints and after thorough evaluation, we opted for a surgical procedure encompassing distal pancreatic resection in conjunction with splenectomy and resection of the giant splenic artery aneurysm.

Resumo Os aneurismas verdadeiros da artéria esplênica são extremamente raros, e há um número limitado de relatos sobre essa condição na literatura médica. Atualmente, não há consenso sobre as abordagens ideais de manejo e tratamento para pacientes que se enquadram nessa categoria. Ao longo do século passado, ocorreram mudanças significativas no domínio das opções cirúrgicas, passando de procedimentos abertos e endovasculares para intervenções laparoscópicas e robóticas mais avançadas. A propensão à ruptura do aneurisma ressalta a necessidade de intervenção em tempo oportuno. O risco de ruptura é notavelmente elevado em pacientes com aneurismas gigantes da artéria esplênica. Neste relato, apresentamos o caso de uma mulher de 55 anos diagnosticada com aneurisma gigante de artéria esplênica medindo 12x12 cm de diâmetro. A paciente apresentava fraqueza notável, desconforto e dor na região subcostal esquerda. Em resposta às suas queixas e após avaliação minuciosa, optamos por um procedimento cirúrgico que incluiu pancreatectomia distal associada a esplenectomia e ressecção do aneurisma gigante da artéria esplênica.

SANT esplénico: tumoración infrecuente

La Transformación Nodular Angiomatoide Esclerosante del bazo (SANT) es una patología poco común, que afecta a vasos sanguíneos de forma benigna con esclerosis extensa de la pulpa roja. Paciente masculino, 24 años, consulta en centro privado (Paraguay) por un cuadro de 7 meses de evolución de disnea paroxística y sudoración fría. Al examen físico y laboratorial sin datos de valor. La ecografía abdominal demuestra bazo con parénquima inhomogéneo con imagen pseudonodular 48x41 mm de diámetro, la RMN con contraste confirma hallazgo por nódulo irregular, con realce que predomina en la periferia de la fase arterial, con aspecto radiado y relleno centrípeto en fase venosa y tardía, la histopatología confirma diagnóstico clínico-imagenológico de SANT. Esta tumoración es frecuente entre los 45 a 48 años, manifestada con esplenomegalia, poca sintomatología, llama la atención la presentación del caso que se contrapone con la bibliografía. Considerando la falta de métodos auxiliares para descartar la malignidad, se aplica esplenectomía como conducta terapéutica.

Nodular Angiomatoid Sclerosing Transformation of the Spleen (SANT) is a rare pathology, which affects blood vessels benignly with extensive sclerosis of the red pulp. A 24-year-old man consulted in a private center (Paraguay) for a 7-month course of paroxysmal dyspnea and cold sweating. Physical examination and laboratory evaluation show no abnormalities. Abdominal ultrasound shows a spleen with heterogeneous parenchyma and a pseudonodular image that is 48mm x 41mm in diameter. Contrasted MRI confirms the finding of an irregular nodule, with enhancement that predominates in the periphery of the arterial phase, with radiated appearance and centripetal filling in venous and late phase. Histopathology confirms diagnosis of SANT. SANT is frequent between 45 and 48 years of age, manifested with splenomegaly and scarce symptomatology. The presentation of this case differs with literature. Considering the lack of auxiliary methods to rule out malignancy, a splenectomy is performed.

Angioma de células litorales esplénico. Presentación de caso clínico / Littoral cell angioma of the spleen. Report on a clinical case / Angioma de células litoraneas do baço: apresentação de um caso clínico

El angioma de células litorales del bazo es una neoplasia vascular benigna poco frecuente, de presentación clínica, paraclínica e imagenológica inespecífica. Se realizó en nuestro paciente la esplenectomía, el tratamiento indicado y curativo, y se logró el diagnóstico a través de la histología e inmunohistoquímica de la pieza de anatomía patológica.

Littoral cell angioma of the spleen is rather an unusual benign vascular neoplasm with non-specific clinical, paraclinical and imaging presentation. Our patient underwent splenectomy, performed as the appropriate and remedial treatment. Diagnosis was made by means of histology and immunohistochemistry techniques of the pathologic anatomy of the surgical piece.

O angioma de células litoraneas do baço é uma neoplasia vascular benigna rara com apresentação clínica, laboratorial e de imagem inespecíficas. A esplenectomia foi realizada em nosso paciente, sendo esse o tratamento indicado e curativo, obtendo-se o diagnóstico através da histologia e imunohistoquímica da peça anatomopatológica.

A clinical study of endoscopic histoacryl injection for newly-developed esophagogastric varices in cirrhotic patients undergoing splenectomy combined with pericardial devascularization / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of endoscopic histoacryl injection in cirrhotic patients with newly-developed esophagogastric varices (EGV) who have previously undergone splenectomy combined with pericardial devascularization.Methods:From January 2015 to January 2020, 125 cirrhotic patients with EGV treated with endoscopic histoacryl injection at the Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, were included in the retrospective analysis. There were 45 patients in the group of splenectomy combined with pericardial devascularization (splenectomy group for short) and 80 patients in the non-splenectomy group. The efficacy of endoscopic treatment, postoperative variceal improvement, rebleeding rate, and complications were analyzed between the two groups.Results:Endoscopic histoacryl injection was successfully completed in all 125 patients, and the median volume of histoacryl was 4.5 mL. The overall effective rate in splenectomy and non-splenectomy group was 80.0% (36/45) and 57.5% (46/80), respectively. The difference in the number of significantly effective, effective, and ineffective cases between the two groups was statistically significant (16, 20, 9 cases, and 20, 26, 34 cases, respectively, χ 2=6.469, P=0.039). Two and 14 patients developed rebleeding in the splenectomy group and non-splenectomy group, respectively; and the difference in the rebleeding rate between the two groups was statistically significant (4.4% VS 17.5%, Log-rank P=0.039). No patient died within 1 year in either group, and no serious complications such as ectopic embolism occurred. Conclusion:After splenectomy combined with pericardial devascularization in cirrhotic patients with EGV and hypersplenism, the application of histoacryl has better short-term efficacy and can significantly reduce the rebleeding rate compared with the non-splenectomy group.

Surgical treatment and prognosis of 51 cases of splenic marginal lymphoma / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of splenic marginal zone lymphoma.Methods:The clinical data of 51 patients with splenic marginal zone lymphoma who underwent surgical treatment at Department of Hepatobiliary in Peking University People's Hosipital from Dec 2009 to Oct 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The patients 's average age was 60.5±11.8 years old, and the ratio of male to female rate was about 1:1. As of the last follow-up date of Feb 28, 2023, 8 patients died of the primary lymphoma and 14 patients suffered from disease progression. The 5-year progression free survival rate was 68%, and the overall survival rate was 79%. Univariate analysis showed that age ≥65 years old, decreased preoperative albumin, increased bilirubin level, and increased lactate dehydrogenase bode ill for overall survival time, but none of them were independent risk factors; Age ≥65 years old and diffuse large B cell transformation were independent risk factors.Conclusions:Surgery combined with comprehensive treatment which contained rituximab is currently the main treatment method. Splenectomy remains an important treatment and diagnostic method for patients with obvious symptoms or persistent unrelieved blood count abnormalities and unexplained splenomegaly. Advanced age, elevated bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase, decreased albumin, and diffuse large B cell transformation, it may indicate poor prognosis.

Application of vagus nerve-guided robotic splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate whether vagus nerve-guided robotic splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection (VNRSD) is feasible and safe and to determine whether VNRSD can be competent for well protecting vagus nerve.Methods:In this prospective clinical study, 12 cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension, hypersplenism and esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EVB) who accepted VNRSD at the Clinical School of Medicine of Yangzhou University between January 2022 and March 2022 were included, including 5 females and 7 males, aged (56.6±11.6) years old. Clinical data such as visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, conversion to laparotomy, esophagogastric variceal bleeding, and death were collected. The patients were asked to reexamine in the outpatient department 1 month after the operation, and the diarrhea, delayed gastric emptying and epigastric fullness were followed up.Results:VNRSD was successfully performed in all patients. There was no conversion to open or laparoscopic operations. The operation time was (170.0±16.8) min, blood loss was (60.8±11.3) ml, VAS pain score on the first day was (2.2±0.9) scores, and the postoperative hospital stay was (7.7±0.7) d, the four patients had main portal vein system thrombosis on the 7th day after operation. At the first day after operation, all patients were mange to take semi-fluid and off-bed activity. There were no incisional complications, pneumonia, gastric fistula, pancreatic fistula, and abdominal infection. No patients suffered from diarrhea, delayed gastric emptying, and epigastric fullness. None of the patients suffered from esophagogastric variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy or death after operation and one month after operation, and the esophagogastric variceal were significantly improved. And no patient complained of abdominal distension or diarrhea.Conclusion:VNRSD procedure is not only technically feasible and safe, but also effectively protects anterior and posterior vagal trunks and all their branches, completely eradicating digestive system complications.

The pathological role of hypersplenism in the course of liver cirrhosis / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Hypersplenism is an important complication of cirrhotic portal hypertension, and splenectomy is an important means to treat hypersplenism in cirrhosis. It is realized that hypersplenism played a pathological role in the course of cirrhosis. This article analyzes and compares the changes in the condition of patients with cirrhosis between splenectomy with and without hyperfunction, and comprehensively discusses the pathological role and mechanism of hypersplenism in the course of cirrhosis, in order to strengthen the clinical prevention and treatment of hypersplenism in cirrhosis and to better improve the condition and prognosis of patients with cirrhosis.

Advances in the study of small-for-size syndrome / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Small-for-size syndrome is one of the most common and dangerous complications of partial liver transplantation. With the accumulation of clinical experiences and basic researches developed in recent years, new knowledge about the pathogenesis, pathophysiological process, prevention and treatment of small-for-size syndrome has been established. This article summarizes the progress of research on the small-for-size syndrome in recent years to help better diagnosis, prevention and treatment, thus improving the prognosis and long-term survival of patients.

Hidatidosis esplénica gigante primaria en una gestante: reporte de caso / Primary giant splenic hydatid disease in a pregnant woman: case report

La hidatidosis es considerada en la actualidad como un problema de salud pública en el Perú. Es una infección parasitaria trasmitida por la ingesta de huevos de Echinococcus granulosus y los órganos más comprometidos son el hígado y los pulmones, siendo rara la afectación del bazo. Presentamos el caso de una gestante joven con dolor abdominal y sensación de masa en hipocondrio izquierdo. El estudio ecográfico reveló imagen quística multitabicada en hemiabdomen izquierdo, con feto viable. Se le realizó cesárea, seguido de laparotomía exploratoria y se halló una tumoración gigante de bazo que, según el estudio anatomopatológico corresponde a una hidatidosis esplénica multiquística. Asimismo, como complicación fetal ocurrió restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. La paciente evolucionó favorablemente sin recurrencia de focos hidatídicos, mientras que el neonato mostró un patrón de crecimiento adecuado.

Hydatidosis is currently considered a public health problem in Peru. It is a parasitic infection transmitted by the ingestion of eggs of Echinococcus granulosus. The most involved organs are the liver and lungs, with spleen involvement being rare. We present the case of a young pregnant woman with abdominal pain and a sensation of mass in the left hypochondrium. The ultrasound study revealed a multiloculated cystic image in the left hemiabdomen, and a viable fetus. She underwent cesarean section, followed by exploratory laparotomy, which revealed a giant spleen tumor that, according to the anatomopathological study, corresponded to multicystic splenic hydatid disease. Likewise, intrauterine growth restriction was found as a fetal complication. The patient progressed favorably without recurrence of hydatid foci and the neonate had an adequate growth pattern.

The inverse correlation between serum levels of anti-pneumococcal and ferritin after pneumococcal vaccination in splenectomised beta thalassemia major

Splenectomy is necessary in beta thalassemia major patients when the spleen becomes hyperactive, leading to extreme destruction of erythrocytes. This study assessed the ferritin effect on serum pneumococcal antibody response following pneumococcal vaccination, in patients with beta thalassemia major after splenectomy. In this case series study, convenience sampling was used to recruit 347 splenectomised beta thalassemia patients under the auspices of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. Demographic data such as age, sex, and time after splenectomy were recorded by a questionnaire. All participants had been splenectomised and received a dose of Pneumovax1 23 vaccine 14 days before surgery. The IgG antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccine and levels of serum specific ferritin were determine by commercial enzyme immunoassay kits. For the analysis, SPSS software version 16 was used. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Most of the participants (63.4 percent) were hypo-responders to pneumococcal vaccine. Also, serum anti-pneumococcal IgG antibody was related to post splenectomy duration and serum ferritin (p 0.05). An important result was a relation of serum anti-pneumococcal IgG antibody to serum ferritin according to post splenectomy duration groups. Therefore, in three groups of post splenectomy duration, the serum ferritin was higher in hypo-responder than in good responder subjects. Our results indicate that serum anti-pneumococcal IgG antibody decreased with increment of serum ferritin and post splenectomy duration. Thus, there is a need to re-address the approach towards revaccination in this immune-compromised group of patients by administering a booster pneumococcal vaccination in an attempt to recover immunity and reduce morbidity(AU)

La esplenectomía es necesaria en pacientes con beta talasemia mayor cuando el bazo se vuelve hiperactivo, lo que lleva a una destrucción extrema de los eritrocitos. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de la ferritina sobre la respuesta de anticuerpos antineumocócicos en suero después de la vacunación antineumocócica, en pacientes con talasemia beta mayor a los que se les realizó esplenectomía. En este estudio de serie de casos, se utilizó un muestreo de conveniencia para reclutar a 347 pacientes con beta talasemia esplenectomizados bajo los auspicios de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Jahrom. Los datos demográficos como la edad, el sexo y el tiempo después de la esplenectomía se registraron mediante un cuestionario. Todos los participantes fueron esplenectomizados y recibieron una dosis de la vacuna Pneumovax® 23, 14 días antes de la cirugía. Las respuestas de anticuerpos IgG a la vacuna neumocócica y los niveles de ferritina sérica específica se determinaron mediante estuches comerciales de inmunoensayo enzimático. Para el análisis se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 16. Un valor de p inferior a 0,05 se consideró estadísticamente significativo. La mayoría de los participantes (63,4 por ciento) resultaron hiporrespondedores a la vacuna antineumocócica. Además, el anticuerpo sérico antineumocócico IgG se relacionó con la duración de la esplenectomía y la ferritina sérica (p0,05). Un resultado importante fue la relación del anticuerpo sérico IgG antineumocócico con la ferritina sérica según los grupos de duración postesplenectomía. Por lo tanto, en tres grupos de duración posterior a la esplenectomía, la ferritina sérica fue mayor en los sujetos con hiporrespuesta que en los sujetos con buena respuesta. Nuestros resultados indican que el anticuerpo sérico IgG antineumocócico disminuyó con el incremento de la ferritina sérica y la duración posterior a la esplenectomía. Por lo tanto, existe la necesidad de volver a abordar el enfoque hacia la revacunación en este grupo de pacientes inmunocomprometidos mediante la administración de una vacunación antineumocócica de refuerzo en un intento por recuperar la inmunidad y reducir la morbilidad(AU)

Esplenectomía laparoscópica en paciente con síndrome de Evans / Laparoscopic splenectomy in patient with Evans syndrome

Resumen: El síndrome de Evans es una entidad rara que se presenta aproximadamente en 3.6 por cada millón de habitantes; siendo más común en el sexo femenino. Éste se caracteriza por la presencia de anemia hemolítica autoinmunitaria idiopática y púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática. Se presenta el caso de paciente femenino de 42 años de edad sin mejora en su nivel de plaquetas, por lo que se decide realizar esplenectomía mediante laparoscopía. La paciente, previo a la intervención quirúrgica, presenta nivel de plaquetas consideradas límites, 53,000/μL, por lo que se decide transfundir plaquetas previo al procedimiento. Durante la evaluación preanestésica se consignaron múltiples factores de riesgo para considerar una vía aérea difícil. Se optimizó el nivel de plaquetas y se mantuvieron esteroides perioperatorios. Se decidió dar anestesia general endotraqueal, con resultados satisfactorios durante el procedimiento quirúrgico.

Abstract: Evans syndrome is a rare syndrome that occurs in approximately 3.6 per million inhabitants; being more common in women. Its characteristics are the presence of idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. We present a case of a 42-year-old patient with no improvement in her platelet level, so it was programmed to perform a laparoscopic splenectomy. The patient before the surgical intervention presented a level of platelets considered limit, 53,000/μL, so it was decided to transfuse platelets before surgery. During the pre-anesthesia evaluation, multiple risk factors were recorded to be considered as a difficult airways. Thrombocytopenia was improved and perioperative steroids were maintained. It was decided to administer general endotracheal anesthesia, obtaining satisfactory anesthesia during the surgical procedure.